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The tribunal system of the United Kingdom is part of the national system of administrative justice with tribunals classed as non-departmental public bodies (NDPBs).〔Bradley & Ewing (2003) ''p.''292〕 Though it has grown up on an ''ad hoc'' basis since the beginning of the twentieth century, from 2007 reforms were put in place to build a unified system with recognised judicial authority, routes of appeal and regulatory supervision. The UK tribunal system is headed by the Senior President of Tribunals. ==Structure== The Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 created a new unified structure for tribunals and recognises legally qualified members of tribunals as members of the judiciary of the United Kingdom who are guaranteed continued judicial independence.〔Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007, s.1, Constitutional Reform Act 2005, s.3〕 The Act created two new tribunals to which pre-existing jurisdictions were transferred: namely a First-tier Tribunal and an Upper Tribunal. The tribunals are divided into several "chambers", grouped around broad subject headings. All legally qualified members take the title of judge. There is a right of appeal on a question of law from the First-tier to the Upper Tribunal and some limited jurisdiction for judicial review. The Upper Tribunal is a senior court of record. There is a right of appeal to the Court of Appeal of England and Wales, Court of Appeal in Northern Ireland or Court of Session (Scotland). The Act created the office of Senior President of Tribunals, appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of the Lord Chancellor.〔 Lord Justice Carnwath was appointed as the first holder of the post on 12 November 2007. The Act also transferred 107 existing tribunals to the supervision of the Council.〔Administrative Justice and Tribunals Council (Listed Tribunals) Order 2007, SI 2007/2951〕 However, many tribunals still lie outside the new system. Chambers are created flexibly by the Lord Chancellor in consultation with the Senior President of Tribunals and each has its own Chamber President.〔 There is a Tribunals Procedure Committee to which the first transitional appointments were made on 19 May 2008.〔Membership of the Tribunal Procedure Committee Transitional Order 2008 (SI 2008/1149 )〕 Tribunal judgments carry a right to a warrant of execution or entry on the Register of Judgments, Orders and Fines and no longer require to be registered in the County Court or High Court.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tribunals in the United Kingdom」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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